Climatic Determinism in Aristotle’s Idea of Natural Slavery Essay

One of the more potent texts in ancient literature is Aristotles seminal work on governance, Politics A Treatise on Government. In Politics, Aristotle sought to establish the transcendency of classic social and political order furcateicularly the rigid segregation amidst master and slave, by invoking the patterns of organization observed in spirit which he perceived to support the moral and inseparable correctness of Greek society and institutions.Arguably, Hippocrates earlier work, On Airs, Waters, and Places, which emphasized the central role of climatic and environmental situationors in the development of gracious bes and societies, plays a huge govern on Aristotles treatise particularly in his defense of slavery. In Airs, Waters, and Places, Hippocrates posits that climatic factors are responsible for differences in the physical, mental, and psychological characteristics of human populations. (Hippocrates, Airs, Waters, and Places, 2. ln. 18-20 13. ln. 7-15)Arguably, most of Aristotles surmises on the nature of relationships between races, individuals, and societies are based on Hippocratic notions of inherent differences in human physical and psychological constitution that arises from differences in humour and the forces of nature. The role of climatic determinism in Aristotles ideas about pictorial slavery is evident in his belief on the decisive part of a nation or societys location on earth in establishing racial superiority.Among the most obvious evidence of this is his fictional character to the differences between atomic number 63an, Asian, and Greek populations owing to the differences in geographic location and climate. Aristotle argues that Union Europeans, on the one hand, were made courageous by the cold climate in their countries but the like climate also made them stupid(p) and incapable of dominating others the Asians, on the other hand, were intelligent but their cowardice made them easy to enslave.He then rationalizes t hat Greece position between Europe and Asia enabled the Greeks to possess a balanced capacity for intelligence and courage that is obligatory of conquerors and masters. (Aristotle, Politics, ln. 1327b. 14-20) Thus, Aristotles justification of slavery carries with it strains of climatic determinism, which espouses the ingrained superiority of just about races over others brought about by the superiority of the particular climate in their place of habitation. Conversely, the inferiority of the climate leads to the inferior development of human populations.It is decorous to note that in making these claims, Aristotle simply echoes Hippocrates earlier card of the racial dissimilarities arising from regional and climatic disparities. Hippocrates argues, for instance, that Asians display a gentler and more nonviolent nature than Europeans because of the nature of the seasons, which do not undergo any wide changes either to heat or cold, or the like. (Hippocrates, Airs, Waters, and Places, 16. ln. 2-4) Accordingly, the relative uniformity of seasons in Asia, which causes neither excitement of the understanding nor any strong change of the dead body(Hippocrates, Airs, Waters, and Places, 16. ln. 5) conditions its inhabitants to a passive existence that predisposes them to slavery. Hippocrates ideas then serve as the root word used by Aristotle in rationalizing slavery as a natural order among races. Aristotles idea of the existence of natural differences between races and the natural superiority of the Greek race makes it easy for him to justify the distinction between Greeks and barbarians that, in his view, justifies the enslavement of the latter by the former.This is illustrated in how Aristotle considers non-Greek cultures and societies as being more prone to slavery than the Greeks (Aristotle, Politics, ln. 1285a. 13) by virtue of their outsider billet relative to Greek civilization. This assumption is distinctly based on Hippocrates visual modality of the diverse characteristics of populations of different countries with respect to their position relative to sunlight, winds, soil, and waters.In particular, Aristotle draws his assumption of Greek superiority from Hippocrates assertion that a country that is blasted by the winter and scorched by the sun produces individuals endowed not entirely with superior physical beauty and composition but also fine thinking skills that make them acute and ingenious as regards the Arts, and excelling in array affairs. (Hippocrates, Airs, Waters, and Places, 24. ln. 40-49) Aristotles climatic determinist thought extends to his idea of the qualities that differentiate a superior individual from the inferior one.For Aristotle, the existence of naive differences in human beings owing to the natures design justifies slavery as a natural and beneficial societal arrangement (Aristotle, Politics, ln. 1255a. 1-2) Underlying this claim is clearly the belief that nature creates hierarchies between the superior and the inferior, as shown by the fact that climatic forces shape individuals either into conquerors or slaves. He claims, for instance, that those men therefore who are as much inferior to others as the body is to the mindare slaves by nature, and it is advantageous to them to be always under government. (Aristotle, Politics, ln. 1254b. 11-13) Aristotle attributes the innate inferiority and enslavement of some individuals to the first principles of herile and political government (Aristotle, Politics, ln. 1254b. 2) which shows that it is both(prenominal) natural and advantageous that the body should be governed by the soul. (Aristotle, Politics, ln. 1254b. 4-5) Thus, in the same way, it is proper that the soul governs the body as the master governs his slave. (Aristotle, Politics, ln. 1254b. 3)

Context and principles for early years provision Essay

1.1 Within a setting practitioners go for to go over and put forward to wholly relevant early years mannikin. This theoretical account is relevant to wholly baby birdren aged 0-5 who attend a playgroup, preschool or a nursery/ reception class at school. The framework clearly sets out all in all the healthy requirements that the practitioners must meet. In sectionalization 2 of the framework the legal requirements relating to a kids learning and development atomic number 18 explained and set out. This section explains the early learning goals, educational programmes and assessment ar come inments. Section 3 of the EYFS framework explains the legal requirements regarding a nippers welf be.This section sets out principles and requirements well-nigh safeguarding and promoting a peasants welfare, what suitable environment, setting and equipment would consist of and the government/ documentation regarding the child and their education. This framework provides guidance for practitioners which deed overs them access to determinationful advice and luxuriant information when supporting a childs learning, development and welfare. This garter them to improve their practice which champions give children a better start to their life story in education as the practitioner provide understand how to service them move forward with their learning and development yet however be safe and informalityable in spite of appearance the setting.Practitioners would be able to refer to field of study guidelines such as Ofsted. Guidelines are utilize by practitioners to garter them vex out the top hat and care for the children in their care. The guidelines such as the EYFS framework set out clear information and cover all verbal expressions of a childs safety, health, development, welfare and so on. They help to point practitioners to victory and efficient practice when operative with children.1.2There are diametrical approaches that arsehole be eat up n by a practitioner when they are working with children in the early years. There are theories that were carried out by educational pioneers that stood up for what children fate. These theories are still referred to and used in practice today. champion of the educational pioneers is Maria Montessori and she worked with children who had learning difficulties. She spent a lot of her magazine observing children. Her theory was that every child is unique, in comparison to adults and former(a) children, and that their individuality must be value throughout the education process.She believed that if a child was placed in the correct environment they children would normalize. This representation that they will develop into whole, peaceful adults with love of learning. She devised a structured command programme based on her observations. By doing this she designed, what she called, didactic materials. These encouraged children to use their hand and help them move onto more complex exer cises. Maria vox populi it was important that children learnt how to work severally when they were young so that they can watch over that skill throughout their lives. Maria Montessori theory is used more in private schools. A way that schools use her theory is by statement the children to become free-living and learn to do things for themselves and by themselves at a young age. They send children home with homework so that they work independently at home away from the teachers or other childrens help and are encouraged to only seek the help of their parents when they need help to understand the homework. This then helps the practitioner assess the childs intimacy and helps them become aware of the areas they need more help with.Observations are used within a school regularly to determine what stages a child is at. Practitioners will then evaluate these observations to come up with teaching programmes and slipway in which they can promote certain areas of development and learn ing. The high cathode-ray oscilloscope approach encourages children to make their own decisions when it comes to activities within a setting. This helps to encourage independent and active learning getting the children involved when practitioners are planning, carrying out and reviewing activities. The nominate features of the high scope approach are active learning- children learn best by being involved and being active personal initiative- children have a desire to learn and develop consistency- this helps children to become confident, independent learners Relationships- children need to feel happy, comfortable and secure Partnership- practitioners need to be able to advance a strong relationship which children parents and to achieve and the appropriate curriculum- children need to be guided by a curriculum that suits their development and learning.All of these features are used within a setting every day. My setting follows all the key features of the high scope approach. For example the practitioners are al ways vibrant, glowing and tendering allowing them to build effective relationships with children and their parents. They carry out all sorts of activities and follow a curriculum that promotes all areas of development and learning. They have a range of different toys, materials and resources to help them make fun but educational ways of encouraging a childs development and learning. This helps a child to blossom and grow the best way they can yet still be excited about continuing their learning.1.3Every child within a setting has individual demand and between children these needs will vary. A childs individuality, ideas and feelings need to be valued and respected by practitioners as well as other children. This is an important aspect of developing a personal and individual approach to a childs learning and development. There are needs that apply to all children within in a setting. Some of these are physical needs such as food, drink and shelter so that they are healthy, warm and safe. They in addition have psychological needs such as affection, comfort and love as these feelings will allow the children to build stable relationships and friendships.This will help the child develop a personality and will allow them to let their individuality shine and develop and share their own ideas and feelings. Intellectual, remark and independence are all needs that need to be large trained by every child. However, children have independent needs. For example, a child that has got a cough may have been to the doctors and been prescribed some medicinal drug to help them recover. This child would then have to rely on the practitioner to remember when they need to take the medicine and how much they need to take.When practitioners are recognising and attempting to meet a childs needs they have to take into consideration the childs age, gender, maturity, their emotional development, intellectual abilities, social skills, bypast experi ences and the relationships they have built with others. Practitioners should experiment different activities and ways to full fill childrens needs this will help them to decide what they enjoy. It will also give them the chance to be imaginative and develop in different areas in several ways.

Luxury Brands Essay

gamelife Brands What Are They Doing About Social Responsibility? David S. W all tolder, Marketing Discipline Group, University of engine room Sydney Anurag G. Hingorani, Marketing Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney Abstract Although extravagance goods may be synonymous with extravagance, lavishness, and even waste, it may appear to be a contradiction in terms that a number of companies that manufacture and sell luxury brands realize besides discovered the value of being tenderly responsible. With growing critique of the high costs and exploitation in the manufacture of luxury goods, some companies atomic number 18 increasing the extent to which incorporate hearty responsibility and sustainability issues feature in their business practices. This paper pull up stakes look at the issues regarding luxury brands and fond responsibility, and will guidance on LVMH Mot Hennessy Louis Vuitton, the servicemans largest luxury goods compound.Introduction Despite t he recent global financial crisis and go on economic troubles beingwide, sales of luxury brands are growing. According to the sumptuosity Goods oecumenic Market Study, luxury spending in 2011 rose 8% to 185 trillion ($US274 billion) in 2011, with growth in the US, Europe and China, which was after a give ear in sales in 2008 and 2009 (Holmes 2011). Brand names like Chanel, Yves St Laurent, Louis Vuitton and Tiffany & Co. have become household names and brands that some people aspire to bribe and wear. However, luxury brands have also been often criticised for being extravagant, overpriced, exploiting third world suppliers, and wasteful when umpteen people are struggling financially. As luxury brands promote themselves to the global audience, some companies are increasing the extent to which corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability issues feature in their business practices.This paper will explore the issues related to luxury brands and social responsibility, w ith a particular focus on LVMH Mot Hennessy Louis Vuitton, the worlds largest luxury goods conglomerate which includes internationally recognised brands much(prenominal) as Christian Dior, TAG Heuer, Fendi, Marc Jacobs, Guerlain, Kenzo and Givenchy. A content compend of the 2010 Annual cover will reveal the CSR initiatives/activities constrictn by LVMH and some implications for CSR manifestation will be discussed.Background Since some untune corporate ethical and financial disasters, many organisations are taking go to improve their corporate governance, ethical practice and CSR activities (Agrawal and Chadha, 2005 Margolis and Walsh, 2001). There has been particular saki in CSR, in which there is a concern for the impact of all of the corporations activities on the total welfare of society (Bowman and Haire, 1976, p. 13). CSR activities and disclosure have increased with organisations identifying different types of CSR initiatives that they undertake, including those that r elate to work output, HR activities, social/community commitment, and environmental initiatives (Gray, Owen and Maunders, 1987 Luo and Bhattacharya, 2006 Waller 2009 Waller and Lanis, 2009). These CSR activities can help promote a particularised image that management would like to portray to its various stakeholders, and counter criticism for other issues that may affect the company.The luxury persistence thrives on the cosmea of an image and the communication of brandassociations. This contri providedes to the interest in luxury brands by many consumers who might want to portray a particular image or feel a certain way by acquiring and consume luxury goods and serve. Not only consumers but also academic and industry researchers areinterested in luxury brands (Bendell and Kleanthous 2007 Fionda and Moore 2009 Kapferer and Bastien 2009 Phau and Prendergast 2000). Most consumers prefer to leveraging a headspringknown, reputable brand over a cheaper, unknown brand, oddly when m aking highinvolvement purchases, or products that reflect a buyers personality. Luxury provides selfexpression which reflects class, status, and quality. However, at a time when there is increasing unemployment, economic troubles almost the world, and a downturn in sales, there is a concern that a luxury brand is elitist and uncaring for the wider community.In 2007, the WWF-UK measured 10 luxury brands on their environmental, social and governance (ESG) mental process and the brands did not fair well (Bendell and Kleanthous 2007). In relation to the marketing of luxury brands in a world of rich and poor, the report states Luxury brands are experiencing rapid expansion in societies that contain both very rich and very poor people. much(prenominal) societies can view displays of conspicuous consumption as a nemesis to social cohesion. This is true, for example, in China, where the authorities in Beijing have illegalize the use of billboards to advertise luxury products and servi ces. In this context, the credibility of luxury products and services will be derived from their ability to generate wellbeing, not only for consumers, but also for those involved in (or affected by) their production, use, reuse and disposal.The report ranked the top 10 largest luxury goods companies on an environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance ranking. This was based on (1) what the companies report to the community and (2) what media and non-governmental organisations have said slightly the companies. The companies were given a score out of 100, and graded from A (the best) to F (the worst). Out of the 10 companies, none were graded more than than a C+ with LOreal topping the ranking, followed by Herms and Louis Vuitton.By being more proactive in their civic responsibilities and keeping within government regulations in their business operations, an organisation can build a reputation as a good corporate citizen. Some CSR activities that luxury brands can undertak e include eco-friendly ingredient sourcing, fair pricing, eco-manufacture, and efficient non-wasteful distribution, as well as corporate sponsorship. This study will examine the CSR activities run by LVMH Mot Hennessy Louis Vuitton, the worlds largest luxury goods conglomerate, via a content analysis of the LVMH 2010 Annual Report. The main company information about LVMH is found in Table 1.Table 1 LVMH Mot Hennessy Louis Vuitton Company info Luxury goods, retail Industry Founded Headquarters Products Brands 1987 Paris, France Clothing, cosmetics, fashion accessories, jewellery, perfumes, spirits, watches and wines Includes Mot et Chandon, Hennessy, Glenmorangie, Fendi, Donna Karan, Givenchy, Kenzo, Louis Vuitton, Marc Jacobs, Parfums Christian Dior, Guerlain, Bulgari, TAG Heuer, Zenith, Hublot, DFS, Le Bon March 20.32 billion 3.032 billion 83,540 methodological analysis Organisations can communicate their CSR information through a variety of sources such as advertising, yearbook reports, public relations and their websites. In this study, the annual report was analysed as this is the only document produced regularly to comply with regulatory requirements and is primal to the organisations own image (Gray, Kouhy and Lavers 1995). After finding the LVMH 2010 annual report online from the company website (www.lvmh.com), a search was made for a social responsibility section in the report.

Conference Management System Essay

In Java EE 6, JAX-WS provides the functionality for big meshwork operates, which ar detectd in Chapter 19, Building tissue Services with JAX-WS. voluminous vane emolument hire XML meats that fol unhopeful the Simple Object nettle Protocol ( muck) standard, an XML speech defining a message architecture and message set ups. Such systems often contain a machine-readable description of the operations offered by the service of process, written in the meshwork Services Description Language (WSDL), an XML verbiage for defining ports syntactic bothy. The SOAP message format and the WSDL interface definition language waste gained widespread adoption. Many development tools, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as NetBeans IDE, dejection reduce the convolutedity of developing clear service applications. A SOAP-based figure mustiness include the future(a) elements. A formal contract must be substantiateed to describe the interface that the mesh service offers. WSDL endure be calld to describe the expound of the contract, which may include messages, operations, bindings, and the localization of function of the mesh service. You may also carry out SOAP messages in a JAX-WS service with come in publishing a WSDL. The architecture must address building complex nonfunctional requirements. Many mesh service specifications address such requirements and establish a common vocabulary for them. Examples include transactions, security, addressing, trust, coordination, and so on. The architecture ask to handle asynchronous processing and invocation. In such cases, the pedestal provided by standards, such as clear Services Reliable Messaging (WSRM), and APIs, such as JAX-WS, with their client-side asynchronous invocation support, hobo be leveraged out of the box. slumbrous blade ServicesIn Java EE 6, JAX-RS provides the functionality for rea leaningic situate Transfer ( slumberous) web operate. REST is well suited for basic, ad hoc integrating sce narios. slumbrous web go, often better integrated with HTTP than SOAP-based function argon, do non require XML messages or WSDL serviceAPI definitions. Project Jersey is the production-ready extension implementation for the JAX-RS specification. Jersey implements support for the annotations be in the JAX-RS specification, making it tripping for developers to build slumbrous web services with Java and the Java virtual(prenominal) Machine (JVM). Beca practice RESTful web services accustom existing don W3C and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards (HTTP, XML, URI, MIME) and have a light infrastructure that allows services to be built with minimal tooling, developing RESTful web services is inexpensive and thus has a very low restriction for adoption. You send word use a development tool such as NetBeans IDE to further reduce the complexity of developing RESTful web services. A RESTful design may be book when the undermentioned conditions ar met. The web ser vices are completely give inless. A bang-up test is to consider whether the interaction undersurface survive a stimulate up of the server. A caching infrastructure can be leveraged for performance. If the selective information that the web service returns is not dynamically generated and can be cached, the caching infrastructure that web servers and some some otherwise intermediaries inherently provide can be leveraged to improve performance. However, the developer must take dish out because such caches are limited to the HTTP GET method for approximately servers. The service producer and service wipe outr have a mutual intelligence of the scene and content being passed along. Because there is no formal mien to describe the web services interface, both parties must sum out of band on the schemas that describe the data being exchanged and on slipway to process it meaningfully. In the real world, most commercial applications that march services as RESTful implemen tations also distribute so-called value-added toolkits that describe the interfaces to developers in popular programming languages. Bandwidth is bad-temperedly important and of necessity to be limited. REST is particularly useful for limited-profile devices, such as PDAs and mobile phones, for which the command processing bash time of headers and additional layers of SOAP elements on the XML payload must be restricted. net service delivery or aggregation into existing web sites can be enabled easily with a RESTful style. Developers can use such technologies as JAX-RS and Asynchronous JavaScript with XML (AJAX) and such toolkits as Direct Web Remoting (DWR) to consume the services in their web applications.Rather than starting from scratch, services can be exposed with XML and consumed by HTML pages without significantly refactoring the existing web site architecture. Existing developers will be more than productive because they are adding to something they are already familiar with rather than having to start from scratch with advanced technology. RESTful web services are discussed in Chapter 20, Building RESTful Web Services with JAX-RS. This chapter contains information close generating the skeleton of a RESTful web service using both NetBeans IDE and the Maven project guidance tool.Deciding Which Type of Web Service to UseBasically, you would want to use RESTful web services for desegregation over the web and use big web services in enterprise application integration scenarios that have advanced quality of service (QoS) requirements. JAX-WS addresses advanced QoS requirements commonly occurring in enterprise computing. When compared to JAX-RS, JAX-WS makes it easier to support the WS-* set of protocols, which provide standards for security and reliability, among other things, and interoperate with other WS-* conforming clients and servers. JAX-RS makes it easier to write web applications that apply some or all of the constraints of the REST style to induce desirable properties in the application, such as loose coupling (evolving the server is easier without breaking existing clients), scalability (start small and grow), and architectural simplicity (use off-the-shelf components, such as proxies or HTTP routers). You would study to use JAX-RS for your web application because it is easier for many types of clients to consume RESTful web services while enabling the server side to evolve and scale. Clients can choose to consume some or all aspects of the service and mash it up with other web-based services.Types of Web servicesYou can host simple Web services without the needing complex setup. In addition, experienced Web service developers can host more complex services by handling the deployment details themselves. Types of Web services include simple and complexSimple Web servicesFor simple Web services, only simple data types (string, int, and other types) are sent or fulfilld as arguments and values that are returned fro m methods. You must specify the Java class that provides the implementation for the Web service. InfoSphere MDM horde for PIM handles generating any WSDL, and creating any WSDD (Web Services Deployment Descriptor) for the deployment of the service.Complex Web servicesFor more complex Web services, you provide WSDD to configure the ability to send and possess more than simple types. You author and provide the WSDD in the WSDD field in the Web Service Console, or through the WebServicesetWsddDocPath() script operation. IBM InfoSphere Master data focussing Server for Product Information Management uses the WSDD to deploy the defined service instead of using default WSDD for IBM InfoSphere Master Data Management Server for Product Information Management. You must have a full understanding of Web services to author your WSDD. You must also know the Java2WSDL, and WSDL2Java tools in case you break your deployment with the complex Web service.+Big web servicesBig web services are base d on SOAP standard and often contain a WSDL to describe the interface that the web service offers. The details of the contract may include messages, operations, bindings, and the mess of the web service. Big web services includes architecture to address complex non-functional requirements like transactions, security, addressing, trust, coordination, and also handles asynchronous processing and invocation. The SOAP message format and the WSDL interface definition language have gained widespread adoption in traditional enterprises. SOAP based Web Services is a great solution when you need, Asynchronous processing Reliability Stateful operations If the application needs contextual information and conversational state management then SOAP 1.2 has the additional specification in the WS* structure to support those things (Security, Transactions, Coordination, etc).RESTful Web ServicesRESTful web services are based on the way how our web works. Our very own world wide web (www) the lar gest distributed application is based on an architectural style called REST Representational State Transfer. REST is incomplete a standard nor a protocol. It is scarcely an architectural style like say for example client-server architecture (client-server is neither a standard nor a protocol). Web services following this architectural style are said to be RESTful Web services. So what is this REST? According to Roy Fielding who coined this term, Representational State Transfer is think to evoke an image of how a well-designed Web application behaves Presented with a network of web pages (a virtual state-machine), the drug user progresses through an application by selecting golf links (state transitions), resulting in the next page (representing the next state of the application) being transferred to the user and rendered for their use. In the web, everything is identified by resources.When we type a URL in the browser we are actually questing a resource present on the server . A representation of the resource (normally a page) is returned to the user which depicts the state of the application. On clicking any other link, the application transfers state with the reinvigorated representation of the resource. wherefore the name Representational State Transfer. REST-style architecture follows this concept and consists of clients and servers. Clients initiate beseechs to servers servers process requests and return appropriate responses.Requests and responses are built around the transfer of representations of resources which are identified by URI (Uniform Resource Identifier). RESTful web services are based on HTTP protocol and its methods mainly entrap, GET, POST, and cut. These web services are better integrated with HTTP than SOAP-based services are, and as such do not require XML SOAP messages or WSDL service definitions. Because RESTful web services use existing well-known standards (HTTP, XML, URI, MIME) and have a lightweight infrastructure that allows services to be built with minimal tooling, developing RESTful web services is inexpensive and thus has a very low barrier for adoption.RESTful Web Service HTTP methodsA RESTful web services is a collection of resources. For example, consider an office has deployed a web services to she-bop a contestation of employees and to appropriate unmarried employee data for use with other departments. The web service makes available a URL to a list of employees resource. For example, a client would use this URL to get the employee list http//www.example.com/myoffice/employeesOn sending a request to that particular URL, the client would receive the following document.1 2234 3235 4236 5237 6 The preceding(prenominal) document contains the links to get detailed info about each employee. This is a key feature of REST. The client transfers from one state to the next by examining and choosing from among the alternative URLs in the response document. To get individual employee informatio n, the web service makes available a URL to each employee resource. For example, to get employee information whose id is 237, the client may send a request to the following URL http//www.example.com/myoffice/employee/237And the response document containing the employee information may be as follows 1 2 237 3 xyz 4 abc 5 123 alphabet St 6 3344.56 7 picWe have seen the use of HTTP GET method to get the information. In the same way, we can use the other HTTP methods like POST, PUT and DELETE. The logical meaning of these HTTP methods for the URL http//www.example.com/myoffice/employees is as follows, When a HTTP POST request is sent to the above URL with an employee data, the data will be added to the employee list. When a HTTP PUT request is sent to the above URL with a list of employees then the original list will be modified with this employee list. When a HTTP DELETE request is sent to the above URL then the whole list of employees will be deleted. Similarly for the URL http//www.example.com/myoffice/employee/237 the actions may be interpreted as follows, When a HTTP POST request is sent to the above URL, treat the addressed member as a collection in its own right and create a new entry in it. o For example consider a situation where the employee works in a particular department and the URL http//www.example.com/myoffice/dept/A1205 represents the list of employees working in department A1205. So a POST request to this URL with employee data will add an employee data to that particular department. When a HTTP PUT request is sent to the above URL then modify that particular employee with the new request data or create if employee does not exist. When a HTTP DELETE request is sent to the above URL then delete that particular employee. In this REST form of communication, the service producer and service consumer should have a mutual understanding of the context and content (XML) being passed along. Because there is no WSDL to describe the web service s interface, both parties must agree on the schemas that describe the data being exchanged and on ways to process it meaningfully. A RESTful design may be appropriate when, The web services are completely stateless. The data that the web service returns is not dynamically generated and can be cached. o The caching infrastructure that web servers provide can be leveraged to improve performance. However, the developer must take care because such caches are limited to HTTP GET method for most servers. The service producer and service consumer have a mutual understanding of the context and content being passed along. Bandwidth is particularly important and needs to be limited. o REST is particularly useful for limited-profile devices, such as PDAs and mobile phones, for which the overhead of headers and additional layers of SOAP elements on the XML payload must be restricted. Web service delivery or aggregation into existing web sites is to be enabled.

Brave New World Connection Essay

In the founding produce erotic calculate is encouraged and forced upon children starting at an extremely young age. We had principal(a) awaken for the first forty minutes, she answered. But now its switched over to elemental Class Consciousness. The Director walked slowly down the long line of cots. red-faced and relaxed with sleep, eighty little boys and girls lay softly breathing. (Huxley 71) This tool or bet helps the world leaders, such as Mustache Mood, solidify the Idea that call forth Is only meant for happiness and pleasure.As a reader you start to plow uneasy with all of these little kids necessitated In sex. In our current nine erotic games or play atomic number 18 completely Immoral and abuse especially for children but also for adults. The brains of children havent fully developed and are not as sophisticated making them very influential and completely heavy-handed of understanding how these games could possibly effect their future relationships. The eff ects could lead children to desire that it is k to have sex with anyone at anytime even if the person is virtually one who hey have never even met.Relationships are a soft touch of togetherness a sign of affection, but in the novel there are not any true relationships there are these sorts of friendships, friendships that are souls establish on sex. This is a main(prenominal) problem that John faces with Lenin, he wants to engage In a relationship with Lenin but she Is Incap open of loving him the aforesaid(prenominal) way that he wants to love her making John Incredibly scotch and disappointed. Lenin wants sex and John wants love, this shows perfectly the mall differences teen the world state and our society.This concept of brain washing pile and making them intrust what you believe and make them do what you do, such as sex, is enforced by the world leaders. The world leaders are the world states people in the positions of highest power. The main way that the leaders mainta in power is that they keep the citizens in this ceaseless high from the effects of a drug known as soma. ofttimes bid in the world today the people do drugs to supplant the feelings that are being felt and us it to bring out a appear more than relaxed version of themselves.Drugs in our life are an leak but in the novel they are required for everyone, much to the animadversion of people like Bernard Marx. Glum, Marx, glum. The clap on the shoulder made him start, explore up. It was that brute total heat Foster. What you need Is a grammar of soma. (Huxley 43). In this quote Henry Foster and Bernard Marx are talking and Bernard Is speaking about how he feels like he doesnt fit into the alpha plus ideal because of his size, Henry he building.Although there are a lot of differences between the world as we know it to be and this fictional world created by Huxley, in more or less weird way Huxley seemed to know exactly where the world was heading and incompatible topics that w ould become more influential and less influential in our lives. Sex is one of these predictions. When Huxley wrote this book sex was still a thing to be cherished but now it is starting to shift towards being more and more common and is somewhat loosing its value.Not o the extent of the novel where people are having sex with everybody and anybody but to the point where there is a T. V show about 16 yr old girls who have become mothers. sex should be more than an act of pleasure, its the ability to be able to feel so close to a person, so connected, so well-heeled that its almost breathtaking ( ). This quote was taken from an article where the author is advent off pretty heated and is talking about her 19 year old daughter who doesnt even know who the father of her newly innate(p) child is because she had been with so many guys.

Analysis of Aluminium †Analytical Chemistry Essay

IntroductionAtomic Absorption relies on the principle that each fragment absorbs light of a particular wavelength, and hence at that wavelength the quantity of that ducking is proportional to the elements concentration. The first technique used in this analysis was Electrothermal Atomisation, cognize as Graphite Furnace-AAS. The portions of a Graphite Furnace AAS are similar to that of blaze up AAS, they more or less use the same components, with the exception of the component used to heat the sample.For a Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption spectrometer the schematic is Hollow Cathode Lamp Graphite Tube Monochromator DetectorThe Hollow Cathode Lamp (HCL) is a selective/specific light source made from the element of interest. The HCL contains an unemployed blow out which is usu tout ensembley argon or Neon. Ionization of the inert gas takes place, which causes acceleration of the gas into the Cathode. This causes the metal atoms (Al) of the cathode to sputter into the gas ph ase. The collision of sputtered atoms with the Argon atoms or electrons, excite the metal to higher energy levels. It is the process of tumble that occurs which causes excited electrons to emit light in their return down to sink energy levels which is shone through the sample in the Graphite tube.Ar + e- Ar+ = 2e-M(s) + Ar+ M(g) + ArM(g) + Ar+ M*(g) + ArM*(g) M(g) + hv (light)The monochromator isolates the ingress line obtained from the sample, giving an accurate depiction to the detector. While the detector measures the enduringness of the light and produces an electrical signal equivalent to the intensity.The sample is injected directly into the graphite tube, which is then heated. The tube provides thermal energy enough to break bonds within the sample and produce free atoms of the analyte. The sample undergoes three stages of heating, which are all imperative to the analysis of the sample flavor 1 drying of sample (which is the removal of water system and the solvent) happens at approximately 125 degrees celsius. tone 2 ashing of ingrained matter (removal of organic and inorganic material, essentially any matrix) happens at approximately1300 degrees celsius. Step 3 Vaporization of analyte atoms (free analyte atoms in light path) happens at approximately 2400 degrees celsiusStep 2 is important for preventing Spectral Interference in the analysis.Due to the fact, thither is no flame used in this particular technique thither is no combustion products, hence there improved sensitivity of between 10 and 103.Method1. From stock standard of Aluminium provided, doctor concentrations of 10ppb, 20ppb and 50ppb. 2. Add 2ml of 10% HNO3 to each standard and make up to good deal in polycarbonate flasks exploitation Ultra High Purity water (UHP water). 3. install a blank 2ml of 10% HNO3 diluted with UHP water.4. Take 50ml samples of tap water from a laboratory sink, a tap in C block, a sink from alternative lab. 5. Add 1ml of 10% HNO3 to each sample as a preservative. 6. Ensure all solutions are mixed well onwards loading into carousel. 7. Load carousel in order of blank, then specialize of standards filling all inner positions. 8. Load samples into outer carousel using small cups.9. Run analysis.Optimising the GF-AAS is important to ensure maximal efficiency of detection. This is do via running the standards over a range of pre-treatment and atomisation temperatures to determine the conditions for maximum response. Running the blank is important in establishing the base-line reading this acts as a correction factor, as you can determine how much absorption you recall in your samples as a result of the solvent.

Graduate study plan Essay

I currently poses an undergraduate score in health C atomic number 18 Administration, from Sacramento State University. My current passage is within the Health Care field at Kaiser Permanente hospital Health Connect Department in Pleasanton, California. This is the regional department for, electronic medical checkup records. I manage projects for system upgrades, and any technical issues that require a fix. I concur spend a pennyed for Kaiser Permanente for five years and wish to accompany at a higher level within the organization. In this paper I entrust give an insight into my reasons for pursuing my graduate arcdegree, and strategies I will intake for personal supremacy and achievement.I break managed always to hit two personal and professional goals that I set. It is important to have a goal, whether personal or professional that unitary is striving to accomplish, so they are motivated to work harder. My short personal goal is completing my gets Degree. A few per sonal long-term goals, are to have an open mind to change, potent clock management, and continuing to grow as an individual and Mother. A long-term goal in my professional public tone is becoming a manager or director within Kaiser Permanente or another organization.In lieu of the professional job opportunities and accomplishments, combine, and knowledge is a professional area I am striving to gain to a greater extent of, which is a main reason for advancing my education to the graduate level. Obtaining a Masters Degree will permit expansion in knowledge and skills within areas I did not continue at the undergraduate level. I am pursuing my degree, to grow as an individual and in my professional career, this degree will expand my skills, knowledge, and confidence to perform at a higher level. Pursuing a degree will open job opportunities, and a higher pay scale. backcloth goals is the easy part, but achieving them is the hard part. Ch solelyenges will arise and everyday life m ay interfere. Three argufys I face in meeting both short and long-term goals, is want of time, personal life distractions, and control in advancing professionally. I have to focus on incorporating better time management and stress management into my every day archive, so lack of time is not an issue. Personal life distractions, include a Forty-hour work week and commute, my fourth month old baby girl, and leisure activities. What I have learned is to plan out a time individually day for these activities.It helps manage my time and stress, by keeping track of all activities and obligations on a calendar. If I have a written schedule that I visually plunder see, I stay focused. Finding a good balance in life is what keeps me moving forward and accomplishing my goals. mavin may not always have complete control in accomplishing goals one may have for themselves, an example is my goal to achieve at a higher level professionally.Sure I can have an abundance of knowledge and work har d every day, but in the end it will be the hirer who determines if I am a good fit for the position. Competition in the job industry is at its all-around high, but the key to success is, never give up. Graduating with a Masters Degree is a milestone in achieving my short-term goal, and advancing professionally in a new career as well as showing confidence, by performing at a higher level is a long-term milestone that will recognize my achievement in the goals I have set.I believe effective parley is an essential factor in overcoming differences and creating an environment that people can come together to learn, work, or play. communication on the surface seems now forward, but I am guilty of a weaknesses related to how I communicate, which includes relating to the audiences age or gender when communicating. In practice, it is troubled with multiple issues subject on the parties involved, who convey, and receive piths.A couple of questions that one can wonder to improve confe rence, are, Is it attainable to convey a message and have it received as the speaker intended? What happens between the voicing of a message and the hearing of a message? Under what conditions does accurate communication fleet? Do our own mental models affect interactions with others? What can trinityers do to create the conditions for elapsecommunication? (Creating the Conditions for hard-hitting Communication and Learning in Organizations, 2008, p. 11). These are numerous examples of questions one should ask themselves, and I will use these examples of what I can ask myself to improve my method of communication.A challenge between faculty and students is to communicate as clearly as possible to ensure students receive the information they need. Given this, I have as well as noticed how often miscommunication happens between staff and their students. In the journal obligate titled, Creating the Conditions for impelling Communication and Learning in Organization, it was sta ted that traditional communication strategies, such as paraphrasing to ensure a faculty member understands a student and asking him or her to articulate back their understanding of what was said.It was spy that no matter how skilled the speaker, there are still legion(predicate) interpretations by the receiver (Scott, 2008). Three strategies I will practice as a communicator are, ask myself questions that may benefit how effective my communication is onward communicating to a specific audience, have the audience restate how they mute my statement or question and be as detailed as possible so my information is not misconstrued.Regarding my stronger aspects of communicating, I am clear and concise, an experienced public speaker, and able to communicate effectively in a business environment. Communication is one of the main planks on which organizational success rests in todays tough business environment. As a result effective communication skills have become essential to modify p rofessionals to achieve the exact levels of performance demanded by them. Apart from the practical aspects if one has a grasp on basic concepts of communication, it can further abet professionals to communicate skillfully and persuasively (Rai & Rai, 2002). Suggesting that the saying Its not what you say, its how you say it rings true for effective communication. Possessing the quality of effective communication heads toward a high quality leader because it enables one to express ideas successfully (Rolle, 2002).Effective time management, reasonable goals, overcoming obstacles, andeffective communication will lead to success in acquiring a graduate degree. If one strives to succeed and manages their time efficiently, this is easily obtainable. Re-evaluating my goals and strategies to overcome obstacles, and analyzing my communication level, has already advanced me hand-to-hand to success. Recognition is a way to advance both personally and professionally.ReferencesRai, S. M., & Ra i, U. (2002, September). Effective Communication. Effective Communication, 16(3), 1129-1130. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/224372918?accountid=35812 Rolle, J. R. (2002). The Role of Communication in Effective Leadership. The Role of Communication in Effective Leadership, 16. Retrieved from http//www.eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED467282 Scott, M. (2008). Creating the Conditions for Effective Communication and Learning in Organizations. Creating the Conditions for Effective Communication and Learning in Organizations, 11(3), 11. Retrieved from http//www.eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=EJ830651

Reflections in Westminster Abbey, by Joseph Addison

William Thackeray said of Joseph Addison that he deserved as much love and esteem as can be aright claimed by any of our infirm and erring race. Thomas Macaulay described Addisons periodical essays as perhaps the finest . . . in the English language. And Samuel Johnson characterized Addisons prose as the model of the warmness style on grave subjects not formal, on light cause not groveling. Keep Johnsons observation in mind as you infer Reflections in Westminster Abbey, which originally appeared in issue 26 of The Spectator, March 30, 1711. Addison died on June 17, 1719.He was buried in the north aisle of the Henry VII chapel in Westminster Abbey. A century later a statue was erected in his recognise in the poetical quarternow known as Poets Corner. Reflections in Westminster Abbey by Joseph Addison When I am in a serious humor, I very often walk by myself in Westminster Abbey where the gloominess of the turn up and the use to which it is applied, with the solemnity of the building and the condition of the people who lie in it, are apt to fill the mind with a kind of melancholy, or rather thoughtfulness, that is not disagreeable.I yester twenty-four hours passed a whole afternoon in the churchyard, the cloisters, and the church, amusing myself with the tombstones and inscriptions that I met with in those several regions of the dead. Most of them recorded zilch else of the buried person solely that he was innate(p) upon one day and died upon another the whole history of his life be comprehended in those two circumstances that are common to all mankind.I could not barely look upon these registers of existence, whether of brass or marble, as a kind of chaff upon the departed persons who had left no other memorial of them but that they were born and that they died. They put me in mind of several persons mentioned in the battles of heroic poems, who concur sounding names given them for no other reason but that they may be killed, and are celebrated f or nothing but being knocked on the head. The life of these men is finely described in dedicated Writ by the Path of an Arrow, which is immediately closed up and lost.

Quals Direct Knowledge Task Essay

1.1 arrange the following types of ab procedure Physical rib is defined as the use of fleshly force that may result in bodily sufferingSexual step is every sort of non-consensual cont feignEmotional/ rational scream is a form of maltreat characterized by a mortal subjecting or exposing another to conduct that may result in rational trauma. Playing mind games, sh step forwarding and threatening behavior. Financial c altogether away congress you what you throw out and connot buy or requiring you to sh atomic number 18 or take cut back of your bank account and with holding monies from you.Institutional plague is the mistreatment, neglect or inadequate devote do and gage of cock-a-hoops in groups. egotism neglect is stroke of one adult to take c be of him ego or herself-importance. Neglect by others ignoring the persons medical or physical care quests, Deliberate and unnecessary red ink of a resource to the service substance abhorrencer.Your assessor is fel icitous with your come to the above promontory. Good upshot1.2 point the signs/or symptoms associated with each type of abuse. physical abuse bruises with lay out in different states of healing, sm only clusters indicating finger marks, friction fire from carpets, injuries inconsistent with ex purposeation, reluctance to seek medical help Sexual abuse bruises and bleeding round the rectal and vaginal areas, stained or snap underclothes or night wear, love bites, overt sexual behavior or language not previously used or conversely fear of any type of physical contact.Emotion/psychological abuse symptoms of stress, on set of bed wetting, anxiety, tearfulness, low self esteem, un let offed paranoia and overlook of eye contact.Financial abuse suddenly unable to pay bills or purchase necessities, unexplained withdrawals from saving Institutional abuse deprivation of seclusion around toileting and bathing, lack of giving a choice of food, bedtime, clothing Self neglect lack of a nxiety to personal care needs, rashes, pressure sores, rotten clothing and or wet, weight loss. Neglect by others lack of attention tending(p) to personal care needs, failure to consider privacy and dignity, grime clothes, rashes, being left alone for long periods of time.Your assessor is dexterous with your come to the above drumhead.1.3 Describe factors that may contribute to an single being more unguarded to abuse factors may include if the individual has a mental disability such as dementia or not having the mental capacity. If the individual is secluded or isolated or vulnerable in that respect could be factors for the maltreater which could include the absubstance abuser having lack of training, also abusing their power. sometimes personal issues thrust a part to play which could include the carer/abuser being stressed or having a history of abuse and act the cycle. The factors include if one has low self esteem or self worth. if they have had abuse before, nobody to protect them, and the mentally ill. Other factors could be they may not be aware of their rights, may not be able to express themselves clearly. their home may unsuitable with no acquired immune deficiency syndrome or adaptations to help give book care.Your assessor is happy with your cause to the above question. case 2 know how to respond to hazard or alleged abuse2.1 beg off the actions to take if there are suspicions that an individual is being abuse. Always report suspected or alleged abuse to the appropriate person(s), go into the facts on appropriate paperwork, listen do not judge, stay calm and collected, do not tamper with any grounds. catch persons to report suspected or alleged abuse would be to my handler first of all, practice of law, social workers, family(if family is not the abuser) and possibly their doctor.Your assessor is happy with your resultant to the above question. Who would be the appropriate person to report to? well resultant roleed2.2 rati onalise the actions to take if an individual alleges that they are being abused Always spend a penny what it is that has occured and report any suspicions to the appropriate film director. Reassuring the individual at all times take every allegation seriously. Always date the paperwork and have it subscribe by any witness (if any). take photos of any try out if possible. Speak clearly and precise and avoid any break d witnessing questions.Your assessor is happy with your cause to the above question.2.3 Identify ways to ensure that essay of abuse is preserved Always record facts immediately dated and signed (by any witnesses also), report any evidence immediately to depict motorcoach, do not tamper with any evidence. Taking Photos if possible, and try avoiding any leading questions that may make them think alternatively to the situation.Your assessor is happy with your answer to the above question.What other steps might you take to preserve the evidence? You have mentioned some ways in the previous question could you ple those points and a few others you privy think of.Outcome 3 Understand the guinea pig and local anesthetic context of safeguarding and protection from abuse 3.1 Identify national policies and local systems that relates to safeguarding and protection from abuse National policies safeguarding vulnerable groups act 2006, the vetting and barring contrivance run by the fencesitter Safeguarding Authority (ISA),Criminal Records Bureau,Human rights act 1998.Local Systems Safeguarding Adults Boards, Safeguarding policies and procedures for vulnerable adults. Data Protection consummation 1998Care standards Act 2000Health and social care act 2008The Equality Act 2010No secrets, Department of Health 2000Your assessor is happy with your answer to the above question.Amanda I butt end clearly see you get this question however The guard and CQC are not national polices or or local systems. This facts question fully http//www.ageuk.org.uk/Docu ments/EN-GB/Factsheets/FS78_Safeguarding_older_people_from_abuse_fcs.pdf?eps3.2 Explain the roles of different agencies in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse The police their role is to safeguard vulnerable adults, investigate all reports of vulnerable adult abuse and protect anduphold the rights of vulnerable adults.The CQC to proctor and provide steering on what all health and social care providers must do to safeguard vulnerable adults from abuse, the safeguarding policies, procedures and systems developed are in place to keep on vulnerable adults from being abused. favorable services Their role is to build managing safeguarding risks and benefits in care planning, review care plans, identify and respond to any concerns, lead and oppose enquiries in in the events of any abuse or neglect. Clinicians theme incidents of abuse neglect or undignified treatment, follow up referrals, consider patients taking responsibility for ongoing care, lead and support enq uiries where there is need for clinical input. Health care provider Show leadership and routinely monitor activity, meet the required service quality standards, train provide in safeguarding procedures, investigate and respond effectively, take disciplinary action against cater who have abused or neglected people in their care.Social care and health instructioners Build safeguarding into commissioning strategies and service contracts, review and monitor services regulary, intervenewhere services fall below fundamental standards or abuse is taking place.Your assessor is happy with your answer to the above question.This leaflet provide help you answer this question fullyhttp//www.pasauk.org.uk/upload/public/featurebox/Safeguarding%20Adults.%20Roles%20and%20responsibilities%20in%20hea3.3 Identify reports into serious failures to protect individuals from abuse A report about orchidaceous plant View care home in West Sussex that failed to ensure that the vulnerable adults were adeq uately protected from risks, including the risks of severe practice by its profess round. it was revealed that residents at orchidaceous plant View care home in Copthorne, west Sussex, were givenwrong doses of medication, left soiled and unattended because of a lack of module and suffered because of serious failures in the homes management. There was institutional abuse throughout the home which lead to the deaths of 5 residents. After an investigation the CQC found it had failed to meet eight of it essential quality and safety standards.The inquest perceive that denim Halfpenny, 77, was given an overdose of blood-thinning drug warfarin while at Orchid View, Which had failed to monitor and administer her medication properly. One of the staff at the care home said she was asked to shred forms after Halfpenny had been admitted to hospital for bleeding. The coroner heard that the Orchid View managing director Meera Reed, looked at the medication establishment record (MAR) brought into the office by a nurse and said We discountt send her to hospital wit those. they ordain shut us down.Five people were arrested, including some on suspicion of manslaughter by porcine negligence in relation to Halfpennys death, but poor evidence existed to support a prosecution and the case was passed to a coroner.Your assessor is happy with your answer to the above question. Some good research has gonr into the answer for this question3.4 Identify sources of information and advice about own role in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuseMy manager, colleaguesMy companies policies and proceduresLocal authority services department alike(p) social servicesThe internetCare Quality CommissionBooksIndependent Safeguarding Authorityhealth and social care act 2015Your assessor is happy with your answer to the above question. The 2015 Care Act perhaps? well answered AmandaOutcome 4 Understand ways to reduce the likelihood of abuse4.1 Explain how the likelihood of abuse may be reduced by working with person centred set Encouraging ac choice and rightsPerson centred values include the individuality of the person, the rights of the individual, choice, privacy, independence, dignity, and the individual being respected.If person centred values are interpreted into amity when supporting an individual there is less promising to be abuse as all the staff leave behind be working in the same way.If a person is considered to have a say in what he or she demands and is at the centre of any decision, it will be more unlikely that there is abuse.I ever so put the service users i work with at the centre of any decision about them and they are an active partner in their own care. service user decide what to do, shower, wash or bath, what clothes they want to wear and are treated with dignity, respect, confidentiality and are able to make their own choices. Active participation is a way of working that recognises an individuals right to get into in the ac tivities and relationships of everyday life as independently as possible.So if the individual participates actively in their daily activities, so the risk of abuse is low. For example I would prompt the service user to pick out what clothes they would like to wear, what meals they would like and encourage them to take part in preparing and grooming the meal the way they like it. Individuals are supported to make their choices in anything they want, like food or drink, what to wear, whether they want a bath, shower,, or wash. No individual will choose something that will hurt them self therefore abuse is reduced to the minimum.Individuals rights are promoted throughout the service, service user have the right to as they wish to do and if its what they want as long as it is not dangerous, a risk assesment will thusly be done to stop any abuse happening. I ensure that i promote service users rights and choices by allowing them to make their own choices and support them to have the same rights of anyone else.Your assessor is happy with your answer to the above question. excellent answer4 .2 Explain the importance of an accessible complaints procedure for decrease the likelihood of abuse The complaints procedure gives the plaintiff the right to be heard and supported to make their views known. an accessible complaints procedure is understandable and easy to use. It sets out clearly how to make a complaint, the steps that will be taken when the complaint is looked into.An accessible complaints procedure cracks complaints more quickly as the complainant feels that they are being listened to and their complaint is is taken seriously. Making sure that abuse will not be tolerated in any form and encourages the complainant to not accept this.If a staff member is being abused, it would be reported to the line manager as an informal grievance, employees should aim to resolve most grievences informally with their line manager and are therefor further to discuss all matters openly as they occur. If the grievance great dealnot be settled informally then it should be raised through the formal procedure of a grievance.Formal Grievance should be raised with their line manager or next level of management if grievance is related to the line manager, in writing, at the earliest time. the manager will organise a meeting within 5 working days, Employees will be allowed to explain their complaint,and suggest a way it should be settled. meeting could be ajourned if the manager feels they need further advice. the manager will give full consideration to the complaint and confirm the outcome in writing.Your assessor is happy with your answer to the above question.You have looked at this question from the perspective of the client. How about the staff who may be getting abused please include colleagues in this answerOutcome 5 Know how to recognise and report serious practices5.1 Describe unsafe practices that may affect the well being of individuals unsan itary conditions can spread infection as cross-contamination can occur and can affect the well being of the individual and others. examples of these unsanity conditions can be dark kitchen work surfaces and equipment, improper hand washing, not covering hair when cooking can pose a risk, as can not inform faulty equipment when working or not, having cleaning materials can also be unsafe.Not having risk assessments in place when a service user hurts themselves, Staff not checking when service user is ill or shaky on their feet. Staff not recording in the care plan any issues if a services is unwell or unable to support themselves as much, not monitoring their wellbeing.Other unsafe practice that can amount to abuse is leaving a service user on the toilet too long, ignoring or not listening to them.Marks on the body not taken seriously and not listening to complaints can put them at more danger, harm and risk of abuse. staff that are untrained or have out of date training, unsanita ry uniforms can spread infection to clients and other colleagues, Management giving their colleague/s a large work load, making them exhausted and having a lack of concentration.Your assessor is happy with your answer to the above question.You have looked at this question from the perspective of the client. How about the staff who may be getting abused please include colleagues in this answer5.2 Explain the actions to take if unsafe practices have been identified If I identify unsafe practice then I must follow the whistle blowing procedure and report to the appropriate person. I will report to my manager immediately or if it involves my manager then I would report it to another appropriate person. I will monitor all unsafe practices and make sure that I record and report in full all the evidence, then I will talk to my manager as I am aware all unsafe practices are dangerous that could cause harm.Your assessor is happy with your answer to the above question.5.3 Describe the action to take if suspected abuse or unsafe practices have been reported but aught has been done If suspected abuse or unsafe practices have been reported but nothing has been done in response or if it has to do with my manager then I would report it to the next level or manager. Then I would report to the social worker and safeguarding team and to the care quality commission and even the police depending on the response i get.Your assessor is happy with your answer to the above question.

How You Plan to Collect Data on Customers Essay

How you plan to put in data on customers, competitors and the market environment and why you think this entrust be useful. How do you propose to use this market research to in sure as shooting the behaviour of customers, competitors and the market environment? Market research is a life-or-death factor to do for any organisation in order to advert their business successful. In the case of STUDENTAL, it is a new production from Sainsburys. on that pointfore, Sainsburys pretend to do all the market research on customers, competitors and on market environment in point of fact. For this t necessitate, I have to forgather data on customers, competitors and the market environment. To collect data on customers I am personnel casualty to prep atomic number 18 some distrustnaires and ask Customers questions regarding STUDENTAL. This provide uphold me to get the true analysis from customers straight away. This bequeath be to a greater extent accurate than information collecting f rom other sources wish well internet and magazine.I have include a variety of questions to the questionnaire and I am sure that this provide service of process me in encountering behaviour of customers towards faculty make happys. In addition, I am also going to observe customers by going in to Sainsburys and other supermarkets. I will observe their bribeing attitudes towards pushing whoop it ups. This will help me to make suggestions to the future developments of STUDENTAL. Through law-abiding and asking questions to customers, we will be satisfactory to analyse their likes, dislikes and attitudes towards heftiness inebrietys. We will able to apply this information to the STUDENTAL. To collect data on competitors, I am going to do a research on internet. There are many competitors for STUDENTAL. This includes the bigger brands like, Lucozade, Red Bull, Boost and Power Ade.I will check for the harm and product descriptions of the competing products. Through this, we wi ll be able to guess the similarities and non-similarities of STUDENTAL and other products. Internet research will be useful to identify similar confounds sold by ASDA and Tesco. This will help Sainsburys to make any further changes to the product to compete in effect with other supermarkets. Another useful method of collecting information on competitors will be doing a SWOT analysis, Boston Matrix and harvest-home Life Cycle. SWOT analysis will be able to limit forbidden STUDENTALs strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.With the help of Boston Matrix, we will be able to understand and recognize the competing brands. To collect data on market environment, I am going to do a research on the case of STUDENTALs competitors. Using a PESTE-G will also help to notice the necessary information on market environment. PESTE-G focuses on Political, Economical, Social, Technological and grand Issues. By doing a PESTE-G analysis, I will be able to understand all the external is sues, which affects STUDENTAL and Sainsburys. The questionnaire used for collecting information from customers is attached and results obtained will be presented in the form of pie charts and bar charts as appropriate.Questionnaire STUDENTALPlease punctuate wizard box for each question.1. Your GenderMale Female2. Age groupUnder 16 16 1920 25 20 25 25 40 40 & over 3. Where did you first chance on to the highest degree STUDENTAL?In memory board From friendsAdvertisements On TV4. How would you describe the taste of your favourite energy drink? Bitter SweetBitter & Sweet Bland5. Which of the following drink do you buy?LucozadeRed bullPowerade Other6. From where do you buy energy drinks?Supermarkets Sports shopGym/fitness club Other7. What price (per litre) do you think would be right for STUDENTAL? Under 1.001.00 1.301.30 2.003.00 and over8. What price do you usually comport for these.Lucozade ______Coca-cola _______Redbull ______ Boost _______Dont whap _______9. What con siderate of drink do you think the STUDENTAL is?Energy drink Health deglutitionSocial drinkChildrens drink10. If you bought STUDENTAL, would the publicity be important to you? YesNo11. Does it bailiwick if the package is recyclable?YesNo12. How often do you drink energy drinks?DailyTwice a weekOnce a weekmonthly13. When do you drink energy drink?MorningWith LunchWhen Excising When workingThank you for filling out this questionnaire SebilTo get the data on customers, I have asked customers 13 questions. To make it more effective, I asked questions to a both Males and Females. I also made sure to ask the questions to a mixture of mountain from opposite while groups. 1. Firstly, the question was about surveyed piles gender. I asked the questions to 25 masses. It included 15 Males and 10 Females. This indicates that tidy sum from both gender groups have been engaged in this survey.The supra charts shows that 40% of extreme participants were Females and 60% of them were Males. 2. The second question was about the surveyed peoples Age Group. There was a mixture of people from different age groups. However, a large percentage of people were from the 16-19 age group. I think this will help Sainsburys, as STUDENTALs direct organize market is peoples from 16-19.The higher up chart represents the age group of the people who participated in the survey. 16% of total participants were under 16. There were 54% of people from 16-19 age group. 22% of total participants were between 20-35 age. 8% of them were above 40 old age old. This indicates that a mixture of people from all age groups participated in this survey. This will definitely help Sainsburys in the case of market research.3. I asked the people about STUDENTAL after the second question. I asked them, where did you first hear about STUDENTAL? This question was to check whether they know about the product already or not. 80% of surveyed people said that they heard about the product from their friends. 20% of them said, from store.4. How would you the taste of your favourite energy drink? This question was to understand peoples favourite taste.From the chart above, we can we clearly notice that about 30% of people like bitter taste, 40% of them like sweet, 20% of them like bitter and sweet and finally, 10% of them like fluid taste. Sainsburys may make STUDENTALs taste bitter or sweet as from the chart we can understand that most of the people like sweet and bitter taste5. Which of the following drink do you buy? This question asked to find out the popular brand among the public. In addition, when STUDENTAL will be launched that popular brand will be the master(prenominal) competitor with STUDENTAL.The chart above represents the participators favourite energy drink. 30% of total participants like Red Bull Energy Drinks while 40% of them said that they like Lucozade.6. From where do you buy energy drinks? This question was asked to know the place from customers buy energy drinks.Abo ut half of the people are buying their energy drinks from supermarkets. This is a very good note for Sainsburys as they are going to sell STUDNTAL at their stores. 7. What price (per litre) do you think would be right for STUDENTAL? This question was asked to find out how much money people would spend on STUDENTAL when it is available in supermarkets.40% of total participants thinks that STUDENTALs price will well be right if it is under 1.00. Another 40% thinks that the price will be right if it is between 1.00 and 1.30.This indicates that the current price of STUDENTAL is high and there will be only very few customers who are willing to buy STUDENTAL at a cost of 13.9/litre.8. What price do you usually pay for energy drinks? This question will help to find out the peoples buying behaviour.The above chart shows that how much money they are spending on energy drinks. 44% of them are spending 1.00 to 1.50 for energy drinks. 36% of them are only prepared to spend less than 1.00. As t he chart indicates, people are not willing to buy energy drinks for higher prices. Therefore, Sainsburys must have to adjust the price accordingly. 9. What course of drink do you think the STUDENTAL is?The above chart shows the answers for the question, what kind of drink do you think the STUDENTAL is? Most of the people do not know that STUDENTAL is an energy drink. I think this is due to the name STUDENTAL. It does not have the power to represent an energy drink. 10. If you bought STUDENTAL, would the packaging be important to you?This was one of the important questions asked to the participants. 90% of them said that they do care about the packaging of STUDENTAL.11. Does it matter if the packaging is recyclable?This was another important question included in the questionnaire. 70% of participants said that they do care about the packaging and they want it to be recyclable.12. How often do you drink energy drinks?The above chart shows that 10% of total participants realise energy drinks daily, 30% of them consume it twice in a week, 40% of them consume it weekly and 20% of them consume energy drinks monthly.

The Significance of Privilege

Privilege and its signifi do-nothingcePrivilege is a grumpy advantage or a particular right which is profitable for a specific group and or a peculiar individual slice opposite to this the disadvantage means the group who prat non bask those goods or advantages which the particular group is taking as countenance. In other words, we can re commonplace that franchise is a kind of favouritism where 1 is basking nigh benefit while the other is non eligible to take that benefit ( Kimberly 73 ) . Bing a male, I think that we should non wait for such jurisprudence or we must non propose authorities to go through the policies against favoring just now the tout ensemble fellowship must sketch on it to press out the construct of favoring. We must hold voice for equality in the society.In article, Michael M. vs. Superior judiciary of Sonoma County , thither was contention non around the instance but around the anesthetize. I feel a review against the suspect that why he cha rged Michael with statutory colza although it knowms a natural colza as it was portraiture that Michael forced Sharon until she submitted for the sex. I felt that Michael must non be charged with physical colza because Sharon was besides responsible for the whole mischievous luck. They drank together they go forth group together, their arousal and their intimacy, it all made the state of affairs of bad luck.By reading this I feel deuce sorts of privileges were inclined two Sharon, the first is her sexuality and the second was age. They both were guilty, but as Michael was of 18 and Sharon was 17, so Sharon was privileged because of her age and Michael was punished nevertheless. Sharon must be punished as she encouraged Michael for this onslaught. This instance is a clear illustration that the privilege is a sort of favoritism. While populating in a self-importance akin(prenominal) community and society, we do non hold right to know apart our endings on the terra firma o f age or gender. Both Sharon and Michael must penalize every subprogram because they were every bit responsible for their Acts of the Apostless. It was right determination to bear slew him against the statutory colza but the same determination must be taken for the Sharon as she motivated Michael for the sex.In the instance between Mcleskey V. Kemp, the issue was raised that on the footing of the turn tails, faint adult male atomic number 18 punished to a greater extent often as compared to the white one ( Mcleskey 1 ) . We have a clear white privileged over the black disadvantaged in the society of USA. This instance can besides abide up my sentiment that privilege is favoritism. While populating in a same society, why two large number or group of people is been discourse other than. White privilege is a tog of benefits that white can avail in the same economic, political and societal fortunes but the inkinesss can non avail. This set of benefit includes greater societal position, cultural avowals, and freedom to purchase, drama, move, speak and work freely. White privilege is a sort of racism. I do non state that white people deliberately or accidentally do this favoritism or ache the black one, but they are unfamiliar with their white-color privilege.It is whole at opportunity that palaverle impart be treated as a alone human being but taking into histories the bunk of a victim or suspect while make up ones minding that if punishment of decease should be imposed. Further, Mcleskey is right that in malice of sing race or colour, it is better to see that what quality does those single posses ( Mcleskey 8 ) . Two people whitethorn belong to same race but their qualities will be different so in order to withdraw equality in society, it is of moment to detect every individual one after other non with the race.By his statements we can state that handling two people otherwise with response to his or her race is besides a privilege for one who wi ll be treated as holding good race over the 1 who is non good in the oculus of judge. In another manner, we can state that this is a racial favoritism where 1 is getting benefit over the other. This is why, it is my sentiment that privilege is a sort of favoritism.By taking another illustration of instance held between Rostker v. Goldberg, which was on the determination of the U.S Supreme Court keeping that the pattern of necessitating merely work forces to biography for the bill of exchange was constitutional. Robert challenged the bill of exchange enrollment policy of U.S.A. and conform to against the manager of Selective service system named Bernard Rostker. After the royal court Sessionss, it denote that it was legal to register merely work forces for the bill of exchange.Then Robert L. Goldberg challenged in the tribunal that the gender differentiation is unconstitutional for this jurisprudence as it is completely men . After 6 to 3 determinations, U.S Supreme tribunal a nnounce that neither this is gender favoritism nor this Act violated the equal breastplate of Torahs. At the terminal tribunal decided that this Act would remain passed as it is. Although the tribunal does non alter its determination but it is a clear gender based determination where merely work forces will be merely at that place to register for the bill of exchange.In article Overcoming racialism in Environmental Decision , Bullard said that there is a tumid societal job that is economic and racial minorities are forced to abbreviation the economic loads. Bullard claimed that this environmental unfairness violates societal, geographic, and procedural equity.He besides proposed five basicss of environmental justness to authorities that how to rectify the job.Bullard said that in order to extinguish the ailments of sexism and racism from the society, it is of import to take favoritism from top to down. It can be done by sing the jobs and demands of disadvantaged where necessary a nd with remarking and reconstituting the universe where would see that how to give benefit to the disadvantaged. Through his survey, it seems clearly that he has believed in it that there is favoritism among different races. I am besides in the same sentiment that society trades different races otherwise which is doing a major acclivity in the societal ailments. In order to take the societal ailments from the society, it is of import to extinguish favoritism. Bullard survey is really important because of his environmental justness model. in that respect should be no forfeit zones but environmental justness for all.In my sentiment, privilege is merely critical for jurisprudence. The privilege is critical if sound rightful(a) exhortation is to be given in every field. It has a intense centrality in practically every circumstance where licit counsel is looked for whether it is refering incarnate and concern minutess, to household connexions, or to civil prosecution condemnable a ccusals. Family insider facts, fundamental law privileged penetrations, peculiar defects and injudiciousnesss all must now and once more be uncovered to the lawyer by the client. Without this benefit clients could neer be existent and equip all the important informations that must be given to legal counsellors on the off opportunity that they are to legally animate their clients. It is a constituent that is both indispensable and to a great nock paramount to the working of the logical model. It is a consequence of the basic essentiality of the benefit that the burden lawfully rests upon those looking to put aside the benefit to legalize doing such a notable pace.Customer lawful privilege ( CLP ) , often alluded to as legitimate proficient benefit , is a emblematic jurisprudence right that exists to procure the organisation of equity and the right of people and different elements/associations to get secret counsel intimately their legitimate fortunes. It secures legitimate a dvocate given by an lawyer to his or her client ( exhortation benefit ) and interchanges associating to genuine or mulled over suit or tribunal minutess ( prosecution benefit ) . The best possible organisation of equity obliges that clients can talk uninhibitedly and evidently with their lawyer, without trepidation of bring outing any informations relevant to the lawful counsel they are looking for. It is good comprehended that, without the benefit, legitimate incidents may be postponed or even lost as legal advisers will be unable to suitably talk to their client, or convey pertinent affairs to the consideration of the tribunal. Guaranting pragmatism and genuineness in such correspondences is critical, on the evidences that we live in a complex public sentiment and our Torahs and lawful model are on juncture exceptionally muddled. It is in the public oculus s investing that persons ( numbering organisations ) look for legitimate exhortations about their issues and in looking for counsel dont hesitate to unveil all important certainties. The multilateral quality of these Torahs is coupled with spread outing dependance on ego ordinance by the group, for case the self rating agreement of appraisal.

Biophysical Interactions on the Reef

Ecosystems At find Reefs are important ecosystems as the are home to an immense measuring of biodiversity and are essential in the cycle of life The Role of the aviation Many take downs are located in the cyclone zone due to the undeniable conditions they require to grow. For as long as reefs have existed they have been do by cyclones and intense storms. The severity of the storms and cyclones is determined by the length and devotion of the storms, which determines how much damage will be inflicted onto the reefs. The cyclones and storms generate large waves and lovesome winds, which do most of the damage to the reefs.The waves have the power to rip isolated soft red chromatic and chip and damage the harder coral. Sometimes cyclones may resoluteness in large amounts of the reefs systems being buried by sediment. Reefs are actually delicate and need very precise conditions to live and grow, the amount of rainfall that is associated with intense low systems can flood the reef with fresh peeing and reduce the salinity levels. During the storms the turbidly of the water system also increases so the sunlight cannot concern the coral reducing its ability to produce food.Tropical cyclone Larry (2006) showed that reefs could benefit from storms. The waves that were produced by Larry removed(p) sediment that had accumulated and reduce the water temperature to the ideal level. The Role of the lithosphere The role of the lithosphere in forming and transforming the reef ecosystem is very important. The reefs build themselves, this workings because when the coral dies it produces limestone which the new coral grows on. The limestone is also weathered down and distribute to other parts of the ecosystem to create a range of other landforms.Through the yield of limestone coral reefs are able to withstand the erosive power of waves. overtime individual corals will of course die but this will earmark the growth of new coral on the stable limestone structure s the leave behind. fix is also an important influence on the reef. Sediment much(prenominal) as sand and mud can cloud the water creating gamey turbidity. superior levels of turbidity can reduce the suns ability to penetrate the water and frankincense effecting zooxanthellaes photosynthesis. Coral reefs may also be smothered by sediment especially were the possibility of high runoff is likely.This is why in monsoonal areas and areas with high precipitation levels there are not many fringing reefs as they would struggle to cope with the change in salinity levels from the fresh water and the sediment increasing the turbidity levels. The Role of the Hydrosphere Coral reefs grow surmount in high wave energy areas. Reefs are very good at interfering with wave energy. The structure of the reef is such that the seaward part of the reef absorbs much of the energy leaving an area of steady down water behind it.The amount of water that flows across the reefs is so wide that it is mea sured in cubic kilometres. The flow of the currents is very important to the reef ecosystem. When the currents flow in a direction that they bring warm waters, high saline levels and high levels of nutrition that is a huge contributor to the biodiversity that makes the reefs so important and unique. The Role of the Biosphere There are more then 330 species of coral that can be found in any one reef. The coral is a maintenance animal called Polyps.Polyps are primitive organisms that consist of lower-ranking more then a digestive sac and an out material body do from limestone. The Polyps feed by pulling food into its mouth by tentacles. Within the polyps lives an alga called zooxanthellae, the algae produces sugars and oxygen through photosynthesis. The polyps provide hold dear for the algae and in return receive nutrients and the alga is also what gives the coral the distinct colours. Each coral reef begins as a adept polyp, which reproduces itself to create a colony.Apart fro m coral reefs are highly diverse systems made up of thousands of species. The amount of nutrients created by the plants and algae on the reef is some(prenominal) times that made in the open ocean. Because of the high levels of nutrients available on the reef there are thousands of fish species that feed on the nutrients produced and still the coral. Due to the abundance of fish some top order predators such as sharks and dolphins come to the reef. There are many different species living on reefs that work to keep the balance of life on the reef.

Mcdonald’s Business Strategy

A schoolwide telephone line Plan true by McDonald management, Inc. 11410 N. E. 124th Street 223 Kirkland, detonator letter 98034 filth forces O 425-822-3106 C 206-257-9839 emailprotected com T equal of Con exts rapsc totallyion 3 scalawag 5 Page 6 Page 9 Page 11 Page 12 Page 16 Page 18 Page 21 Executive abbreviation Our demarcation Plan The foodstuff defined universeness View Pilot platform (Ethiopia) ciphered commercialise grapple food grocery St rovegy Promotion Competition The Bottled urine supply Industry output growth Four Keys Norit Ultra-Filtration System (Perfector E) solar top executiveed Modules mental image conformation and groupThe Patented 20- cubic decimeter Tamper-proof Bottle Organizational Development the Statesgua Partnership computer computer program US Home side eastern hemisphere Africa Central Assembly Distribution (Operators to Owners) stat mi Stones Financial Statements Sales be afterions Personnel Budgets Cash Flow Project ions Income Statements Projected disbursement Statements Projected 2 Executive Summary W e argon instantaneously in a position to advanceably enter into the mercantile and expanding worldwide market for pure, clean, guard imbibition body of wet supply. We throw developed and impart introduce to the world, the fantasy of midget community commercial weewee shade corpses.Also you gutter readBusiness Ethics ComprisesWe call our systems USAgua sheer peeing carrels. Each of our stallings is capable of taking in 8,000 cubic decimeters of monstrously foul raw wet ein truth mean solar day and, through the technologically phenomenal process of ultra-filtration, they process that unwellnessy body of peeing system into condom, clean, purified drink urine. Our systems be containerized, modular, solar powered and ultra-filtered they function completely off-the-grid. Our markets argon the vibrant, sophisticated, unexampledly emerging middle-classes of the crea te world. These middle-class niches represent over one billion pile and their add up atomic routine 18 growing daily.These mountain realize the importance of safe imbibition body of water supply for themselves and their families but, at the same achieverion, they k instantly that their presidencys atomic number 18 incapable of providing this approximately basic need. What is classical to our program is that these middle class families be financially capable of paying for our water. The proof is the point that they now consume literally tens of millions of gallons of nursing bottled water every course of study. Our competition is the bottled water effort and, very soon, we testament bugger off a pregnant install of that market.The harvest-time we sh ar is clean, pure, safe insobriety water. How we produce, market and sell our product is through our USAgua Pure peeing stalls computer programme. Our stalls are a melding of deuce wonderful technologies just now gate into their stimulate. The first is called ultra-filtration. conniption a bundle of spaghetti sized perforated tubes through which polluted water is pumped under pres authentic. The perforations are so subaltern that they block vir lend oneselfs, bacteria and parasites d induce to a Log 2-4 EPA rating. This means that the water we sell is 99. 99% pure or better when it get bys our system.And, because the filters require sole(prenominal) back-flushing instead of appeally filter replacements, the long-term damages are minimized. The act basic applied science we fox employed is Solar Power. Our Kiosks, including all the indispensable pumps, batteries, electronics and lighting requirements hunting expedition perfectly using a Solar Power package intentional specifically for our ineluctably. The sign cost of the solar plectron are steep, but the long term reliability, the fact that we dont depend on any outside sources of efficiency and the nearly-maintenance- free specifications we founder developed, recognize them a perfect fit in maturation countries. Our ultra filtration systems and our solar power systems admit been rigorously field tested by their manufacturers. Our get design engineers have melded the two technologies in concert, combined them with our storage tanks and lab railroad hold and integrated them seamless(prenominal)ly into our sell USAgua Kiosks. After a final prototype culture program, our manufacturers exit ship their modules to our USAgua Central Assembly Plants in our target markets. We allow for use topical anaesthetic technicians to retrofit universally available freight containers and do final installation and assembly.Once our Kiosks are complete, they give be de springyred to our Operators in the field. Our Management Team leave locate, recruit and train topical anaesthetic Operators in our dissimilar Target securities industrys. In time, our Operators result be given the opportunity to induc e their own USAgua Kiosk, thus allowing us to tap the entrepreneurial energy and aliveness that can be found at heart individuals in every box of the world. Our USAgua Operator program exit ensure our market position and perceptual constancy through world-wide name branding, equipment standardization, standardized maintenance routines and universally accepted story procedures.With the help of some very smart engineers we have developed the concept of our USAgua Pure pee Kiosks. At the same time, we have put together a business model that takes the best of the American business concepts we are so proud of and we, very calculatedly, introduce them into the potentially lucrative spick-and-span middle-class markets of the developing world. Our financial package is strong. Our assumptions and our projections are conservative, our research is up to date and our key players are heavy on two preparation and real world experience. We are instal to take the next whale step forwa rd.To that end, we are asking to secure a US $2,200,000 investment funds package so that we can bring our USAgua multinational course of instruction to fruition. Please, timber free to call me anytime for more information or clarifications. Sincerely, herds grass McDonald 4 Our Business Plan The World Wide Market Defined Of the 6 billion people in the world today, over 3 billion1 live either totally off-the-grid or in communities non serviced by safe, upright water systems. Families within this demo in writing(p), no matter their economic level, are left wing vulnerable to water borne diseases including viruses, parasites and bacteria.The negative social and economic repercussions of not having access to safe, clean drinking water are immense. Some United Nations reports have gone so far as to predict that safe drinking water post be as economically significant as oil within the next decade2. We intend to be a epic player in solving the drinking water problem. We have desi gned twain our USAgua Water culture System and our Business Model to be universally adaptable. Our equipment and our business model result function beautifully in the suburbs of Nairobi, along the Yangtze River in China and in the mountains of northern India.Anywhere at that place is both a source of water (no matter how polluted) and an open view of the sun, our USAgua water purification systems impart conk. Anywhere there are energetic and entrepreneurial individuals who aspire to a better life for their families, our USAgua Operator entanglement volition prosper. At the Macro scale, our market is unlimited. Good business practices, however, dictate that we operate small and grow carefully. We will introduce our program to a small, lesson market we are familiar with. One that can be slowly documented and controlled.In our Pilot Market we will learn a large(p) deal from both our successes and our mistakes. Once we have field proven both our equipment and our business mo del, we will enter additional markets with much wideer familiarity and enthusiasm. _________________________________ It is very important to understand that we are in competition with the Bottled Water Industry in all aspects of our program. The statistics and the markets for bottled water, world wide, are the statistics and markets relevant to USAgua. _______________________________________ 1 2 United Nations Development Program Report August 2008United Nations Development Program Report August 2008 5 Our Ethiopian Pilot Program and Our Share of the Market For several reasons, including a thirty year headmaster involvement in East Africa, we have chosen the artless of Ethiopia to turn over our Pilot Program. The Ethiopian Market Defined state (millions) 2007 existence growth ( one-year %) Life expectancy at birth (years) Literacy rate GNI (US $ billions) GNI per capita (US $ ) 78. 6 2. 6 55. 0 38. 5 19. 4 220. 0 The United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) acquired these sta tistics health of universe using alter drinking-water sources, 2006, total 42 (cut and cattle farm from the UNICEF 2008 Report) These UNICEF statistics show us that there is a large fraction of the Ethiopian population that understands the need for safe water. The definition of improved drinking-water sources, however, does not greet the quality of the water. It totally documents the fact that the water has been drawn from a concentrate source and is conveyed to the end user via an established distribution network either municipal water systems, tanker motortrucks or bottled water.The water whitethorn or may not be processed. It may or may not be safe. The quality of both the tap water and the bottled water in Ethiopia is suspect referable to poor infrastructure maintenance and a lack of Health surgical incision regulation enforcement. 3 3 UNICEF annual Report 2006 6 The Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency (CSA) bets that currently 4. 18% of the firesideholds, nation wide, have access to community water systems and taps within their firesides. Ethiopia Total 2004 2. 2 2006 2. 7 2008 3. 3 Current 4. 18 (cut and erstwhile(prenominal)e from the 2008 CSA Report)This means the vast majority of people considered to have access to improved drinking water sources are using tanker truck address (very dangerous) or bottled water. (78. 6 million X 42%) 4. 18% ) = 31. 4 million people drink non-tap water. ) The CSA also publishes a quarterly retail price listing for nearly every commodity found in Ethiopia. In 2008 the average cost per liter of bottled water was 6 birr. (Ethiopian currency) BEVERAGES NON dry Ambo Mineral Water 500cc 3. 00 3. 00 3. 00 3. 17 3. 00 3. 00 2. 50 3. 00 2. 96 2. 50 3. 00 3. 00 2. 50 2. 5 Bure Mineral Water 500cc (cut and paste from the 2008 CSA Report) (Or US $0. 48/liter at the current exchange rate) The CSA has not been able to estimate a total volume of bottled drinking water produced or consumed. We have been told many reasons for this lack of statistical documentation. The most plausible is the lack of presidency oversight and a huge coloring materializeed market for recycling local anaesthetic water in used credit card bottles. This is a very dangerous practice and one the central government has taken action to stop. 4 A few assumptionsW e are waiver to assume, in the interest of simplifying our Business Plan, that within and near the cities of Addis Ababa, Mekele, Bahra Dar, Nazerit and Awassa ( a total population of over 27 million ) there is a need for 27,000,000 liters of pure, safe drinking water every day. (27,000,000 X 365 long time = nearly 10 Billion liters per year) (One liter of safe drinking water per day is the World Health Organizations minimum requirement. ) 4 Ethiopian Health Ministry 2008 7 Our Pilot Program Cities 10% Purchase Vicinity of Population Addis Ababa 15,375,000 15% Purchase 20% Purchase 5% Purchase Bottled Water at US $0. 50/liter Bottled Wat er at US $0. 40/liter Bottled Water at US $0. 30/liter Bottled Water at US $0. 20/liter 1,537,500 2,306,250 3,075,000 3,843,750 Nazerit 3,580,000 358,000 537,000 716,000 895,000 Bahri Dar 1,790,000 179,000 266,850 355,800 447,500 Awasa 1,430,000 143,000 214,500 286,000 357,500 Mekele 4,825,000 482,500 723,750 965,000 1,206,250 27,000,000 2,700,000 4,050,000 5,400,000 6,750,000 $1,350,000 $1,620,000 $1,620,000 $1,350,000 $492,750 ,000 $591,300,000 $591,300,000 $492,750,000 Population Market Value Market Value Per Day Per YearOur Pilot Program Market Our Pilot Program Market focuses on five major cities in Ethiopia. We can take a very conservative but amend guess that 15% of the 27 million population is capable of buy 1 liter of drinking water every day for US 0. 40/liter. (about a billion and a half liters per year demand) 1,248,000 liters (62,400 20-Liter USAgua Bottles) is the annual sales figure we have projected for all(prenominal)(prenominal) of our USAgua Kiosks. Or less than one tenth of one percent (. 001%) of our Pilot Program middle-class Market Demand. Our Kiosks are actually capable of somaticly producing ,920,000 liters of safe, clean drinking water annually, but for budgeting and logistical reasons as not bad(predicate) as a conservative margin of safety, we are building our Business Model on a 1,248,000 liters/year basis or a 4,000 liters per day sales capacity, six days per week. The total cost to our USAgua Kiosk Program to produce, bottle and sell safe, clean drinking water is less than $0. 10 per liter The universal laws of supply and demand would tell us that we could completely leave out the Bottled Drinking Water Industry in our Pilot Program Market.By ensure two things Highest Quality, Lowest Price we should expect to capture a substantial share of this huge market while at the same time realizing a very profitable return on investment very quickly. It is not difficult to imagine 40 USAgua Kiosks working profitably within E thiopia within two years of start-up. 8 Market Strategy The Market for pure, clean, safe drinking water already exists. It is large, growing and lucrative. Our dominant piece of that worldwide market is what we will develop. Branding W e own the internet web domain and the trade marked name, USAgua.We are now in the process of building a comprehensive website that will address everything from the biology of parasites, bacteria and viruses to the science of removing those contaminants from our drinking water. It will show how important safe drinking water is to individuals, societies and economies. It will differentiate our USAgua Water Purification Kiosks from our competition, the bottled water industry. Our website will play very well in East Africa. Since the election of President Obama, a new, very pro-American, attitude has emerged. America and all things American are now very popular.Our USAgua Kiosks provide safe drinking water at standards equal to or better than our American EPA standards for domesticated drinking water. In East Africa, they trust our standards and want that same eminent quality for their families. Our Kiosks are keyed in American national colors. The USA in USAgua is meant to emphasize our American roots and our American standards. When a USAgua Kiosk is delivered to an African community our customers will feel that part of America has arrived. Our USAgua 20-liter p endic bottles are designed to be used and re-used and re-used by the family to which they are assigned.The boldly branded bottles can not be refilled by anyone other than our Kiosk operator. Our branded one-liter personal bottles will be carried with pride on the streets of our communities. The name, USAgua, will be synonymous with American high quality and good health. refuse retail pricing W e know there is a large and growing demand for safe, pure drinking water. On the macro instruction scale this is evidenced by the rise of the bottled water industry in every cit y and village in the world. In Ethiopia, our Pilot Program Market, we know the retail price of a liter of bottled water is US$0. 48.The laws of supply and demand dictate that as the price is lowered, the demand rises. The cost of our water, including all business related expectations, is less than US $0. 10 per liter. We will price our product to maximize both the quantity sold and the profit generated. 9 Flyers and Brochures Distributed Locally . And a billboard or two Because each of our USAgua Kiosks are designed to satisfy the drinking water demand of completely 400 families per day, (we are saying 10 liters per family per day) the geographic market playing field for each of our Kiosks is small, (by design) less than one square kilometer.Prior to our Kiosks arriving at their final destinations, a local flyer and brochure campaign will saturate the field of force to introduce our program. Community meetings will be held to educate members of our market and sell our products. A large colorful bill-board will be erected so that people will dispirit identifying our branding. 10 Competition The Competition for our Pilot Program Market (and every other market in the developing world, for that matter) consists of a handful of legitimate Centralized Water Bottling and Distribution Companies as well as black-market water bottle recycling scams.The government is now in the process of both adopting new quality standards for all bottled water plus they are developing the means to enforce those standards. Because none of the major international bottled water producers (Danone, Nestle, and Coca-Cola) have entered the African markets, statistical documentation is wanting for total production and demand. We do know a few things, however. freshman is that the existing legitimate bottled water industry depends on centralized plants that are, by definition, saddled with the tremendous costs associated with transporting heir product to market. Plus, they must secure ch arge card bottles that will be used only once, but accordingly become potential competition as those same bottles are refilled on the black-market and resold. We also know that the end user of bottled water is befitting much more sophisticated. They know full well the problem with boot-legged water and in most cases have gone back to boiling local water (at a tremendous expense in fuel) rather than acquire suspect bottled water. The Bottled Water Industry is not the answer for the Developing World. 11 Product Development .. some historyFor generations, scientists around the world have cognize that viruses, parasites and bacteria are present in much of the water we drink. They have also known that these tiniest of creatures are the source of the water borne diseases that have plagued humanness since Lucy s alsod up on her two legs and peered over the tall grasses of the African Savannah. individualized Note McDonald was stationed in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia in 1973-75 only 20 miles from where Lucy Australopithecus afarensisr was discovered. On several occasions his Agricultural School and get hosted Lucys rcheologists. They appreciated the water system he had developed that pulled water from the muddy Awash River and provided them safe, pure drinking water. In the developed world, from our largest cities to our smallest villages, our engine room has solved the problem of vomiting our waters. In America, we long ago know the importance of safe water to the overall health and well being of our society. It was so important to previous generations that they mandated our government to set and enforce the highest water standards in the world.Our municipal and community water systems now process and dish out a dependable flow of amazingly inexpensive water to the homes of every citizen. The success of America is due, in no small part, to the overall health of our people. And, the overall health of our people is, in no small part, due to our wonderful communal water systems. On the macro scale, the per gallon cost of water in America is very small a centime or two a gallon at the most. The reality is, however, that a water purification plant and a distribution network are tremendously expensive to develop and operate tens of millions of dollars.And, the technical sophistication obligatory to maintain these systems is overwhelming to any but the most advanced economies. For so many reasons (economic, political, cultural, technical) there is little hope that the vast majority of people in the second and third worlds will ever be able to build and maintain the water systems necessary to provide safe water for their people. Even now, as a burgeoning middle class emerges, the central governments are powerless to act. The problem is just too large and the costs too high. 12 Product Development . the Stars Line UpThe USAgua Pure Water Kiosk Program isFour Components. The product we sell is clean, pure, safe drinking water. How we prod uce, market and sell our product is through our USAgua Pure Water Kiosks Program. Our Kiosk Program brings together four independent but equally important physical components. Namely Ultra-Filtration, Solar Power, Retro-fitted Freight Containers and Keyed, Tamper-proof 20-liter Bottles. 1. Ultra-Filtration This is a water filtration method developed and patented by Norit X-Flow, a member of the global Norit Companies. Norit is headquartered in theNetherlands with sales maps throughout the world including one just outside of Chicago. Ultra-filtration is easy to visualize. Picture a bundle of spaghetti sized perforated tubes through which polluted water is pumped under pressure. The perforations are so small that they block viruses, bacteria and parasites down to a Log 2-4 EPA rating. This means that the water they process is 99. 99% pure or better when it leaves their system. And, because the filters require only back-flushing instead of dear(p) filter replacements, the long-term costs are minimized.Norits filters can be used for months and then back-flushed to remove all contaminants. The actual filters will last for years. Ultra-filtration is truly a marvelous breakthrough. One of the first applications that Norit X-Flow developed for its Ultra-filter engineering science was a very clever machine they call the Perfector-E Mobile Water Purification System. It was originally designed for emergency responders to be used in the aftermath of devastating natural disasters earthquakes, floods and hurricanes. The systems are small, strong and highly mobile.They can be transported and set up in any disaster knowledge base within hours. They are totally self contained and can draw and purify water from almost any source including exposed surface waters, local lakes, rivers, ponds and irrigation systems. The Perfector-E System can provide literally thousands of gallons of pure, safe drinking water per day to a disaster area under the most uttermost(a) conditions. And, there is another very positive aspect to Norits system. It is not a oversize energy user. With some adaptations, we can actually phlebotomise the systems exclusively on solar power. 13 2.The second basic technology we have employed is Solar Power. Our Kiosks, including all the necessary pumps, batteries, electronics and lighting requirements run perfectly using a Solar Power package designed specifically for our needs. Our solar energy system was designed by H-Dot Logic, a solar engineering company here in Seattle. The initial costs of the solar option are steep, but the long term reliability, the fact that we dont depend on any outside sources of energy and the nearlymaintenance-free specifications we have developed, make them a perfect fit in developing countries. . Our Kiosks Our Containers. We have chosen to utilize universally available, standard steal 20 foot cargo containers as the physical basis of our Kiosk system. Containers are strong and secure. They are easily transported on any flatbed truck in the world, and once they are delivered to our overseas locations, they will treat as the actual retail Kiosk facility. Our in-house engineers have designed the retro-fit of the containers to comfortably house all the various components in and around the retail shell.The solar panels, the outsmart pre-filters, the external raw water storage tank, the internal finished water storage tank with the UV sterilizer, the Ultra-filter modules, the pumps, the battery packs, all the electronics and a water testing system are all neatly configured inner the container. In addition to designing the retrofit, our Kiosks will have a copy written exterior color and graphic scheme. The graphic scheme, once painted on our containers will provide a great advertising platform for our USAgua Brand. A prototype unit still needs to be assembled.USAgua Kiosk 0001, the prototype, will be assembled in Seattle, working capital. A careful documentation video of the speci fications and assembly methods will be produced. This process will take about four months to accomplish. Once the first Kiosk is ready it will be shipped from the Port of Seattle to Ethiopia. Once in Ethiopia, USAgua 0001 will be delivered to our Central Assembly & Fabrication facility. Our local Management will use it to train a team of assembly mechanics. We will then begin purchasing containers on the local market and preparing them for the arrival of our Filter and Solar modules.Within a four month period, we will be assembling and delivering two complete USAgua units per month. 4. The Keyed-Tamper Proof Bottle Program One of the reasons the bottled water industry is not a good fit for the developing world is because the plastic bottles are disposable. Each new bottle, when discarded becomes a potential challenger as people refill the bottle and sell it on the black market. Our USAgua bottles are specially designed to discourage re-use by anyone but the family to which it was a ssigned. The bottles will have a tamper proof valve and seal that can only be refilled at USAgua Kiosks.This makes the bottles un-usable outside our network and assures our customers that the water inside our stamped and plastered bottles has not been counterfeited on the black market. Our prominent USAgua Logo on each bottle will help promote our brand where ever it is found. 14 Organizational Development Thirty years of experience working in developing countries has taught us many things. One of the most important is that without a very involved and powerful Management presence on the ground, no program can succeed.For the success of any project in the developing world, including ours, it is vitally important that we back-up our 21st coulomb technology with an equally robust Management and Operations Program based on centurys old tried and true Business Practices. We call our In-Country USAgua International Management and Operations Program Our Partnership Program. It is based o n five powerful strategies 1. Recruiting the best and the brightest. Every developing country in the world has vibrant, honest, well educated, hardworking, entrepreneurs looking for an opportunity to improve themselves, their families and their communities.Our Country conductor will identify and recruit these individuals. We will offer them a good basic family wage with the added incentive of merit-based pay raises. 2. In-Country Training for our Operators Our USAgua in-country Management staff will train every recruit in Kiosk system functions, maintenance procedures, program hygiene, local marketing and program bookkeeping. Trainees will work with seasoned Operators during a six month apprenticeship program. If they prove themselves capable, they will be offered a position as an Operator or Operators Helper for one of our USAgua Kiosks. . In-Country Operations Management. We will have one Project Manager for every 10 USAgua Kiosk Operators. These Project Managers will cut back e ach Kiosk Operator every month to make sure that the passing high USAgua standards are being met and maintained. The PMs are also in charge of auditing and banking functions. in that respect will be cypher tolerance for bookkeeping errors. In addition to our Project Managers, we have a Maintenance & Repair team that routinely visits each Kiosk making sure that no small maintenance problem becomes a big repair problem due to lack of Operator vigilance. 4.Advertising and Marketing underpin Each Kiosk comes with an introductory advertising budget for local marketing. We will saturate any new locale with USAgua literature. In addition, our Staff will visit each Kiosk to conduct community seminars in water quality and family hygiene. 15 5. Operators to Owners Program After two years as a USAgua Operator we will offer some of our most knowing and hardworking employees the opportunity to purchase their own USAgua Kiosk. We are wholly confident(p) that there exists a universally powerf ul business strategy that assures the success of a program such as ours.This is called pride in possession and we intend to tap that strategy to its fullest. Our US Office The home office of McDonald Management is in Seattle, Washington as will be the home offices of USAgua International, Inc. At the top of our organizational chart is the President and CEO, Timothy McDonald. Mr. McDonald has a BS in International Economics (minor in Civil Engineering) with master work in International Economics all from the University of Washington. He has been in and out of East Africa for over thirty years with our State Department as both an employee and an independent contractor.He will oversee day to day operations both in the US and overseas. Norit X-Flow International will provide the Ultra-filtration modules. H-Dot Logic will provide the solar package design and modules. R. L. Clark and Associates of Redmond, Washington will be in charge of Investor Relations, financial program phylogeny an d implementation. Bahiru G. Egziabiher will be the Country Director in Ethiopia for our Pilot Market Program. He holds a Masters in Electrical Engineering from the University of Washington and has worked for Seattle City Light for over twenty years. Bahiru holds duel US and Ethiopian citizenship.Dalrymple and Associates will be in charge of our Kiosk design and equipment coordination. In addition his company has designed our logo, the graphic presentation of our USAgua name and our color schemes and themes. RedRover Marketing will be in charge of our website design, maintenance and hosting. Our Office in Ethiopia W e will lease a centralized office/warehouse facility in Addis Ababa where we will identify, recruit and train a team of assemblers and fabricators to retrofit our containers, install our filtration systems, our solar modules and our storage tanks.Our paint shop will brand each Kiosk with our name, our logo and our color scheme. 16 Bahiru Egziabiher, our Country Director, will be in charge of our Ethiopia operations including the central warehouse and assembly facility. He will oversee the assembly of two complete USAgua Kiosks per month once we get underway. McDonald and Exziabiher and, eventually, a small team of Project Managers, will identify, recruit and train a communicate of USAgua Operators. These Project Managers will be responsible for assuring the high standards of training, maintenance, product quality and accounting standards for each of their Network Operators.Within two years there will be 40 Kiosks producing pure water in Ethiopia. There will be one Project Manager for every ten Kiosks. Our Operator Network is the key to our program. Once our USAgua Operators are determine and recruited, they will go through a thorough training program. They will serve a two year apprenticeship and then, if they have proven themselves capable of maintaining our extremely high standards, they will be given the opportunity to own their own Kiosk. In t his way we will tap the entrepreneurial spirit of those who will make our entire program a success.How Hard is it to Enter the Ethiopian Market? The World imprecate ranks countries world wide by their balance of Doing Business. Of the 183 countries rated, Ethiopia ranks 107. In comparison, Egypt is 106 and Kenya is 95. Since 1993 when the people of Ethiopia removed their previous communist government and replaced it with one decisively more moderate and business friendly, the new leading has striven to open its economy to a more capitalistic model. In the past 10 years, Ethiopia has been gradually re-writing its constitution in an attempt to open new markets and stabilize its business community.These efforts have paid off. In 2008-9 the World Bank ranked Ethiopia at 122 for ease of starting a business. This year they are ranked 93. And, they are getting better every year. The pursuance statistics are all from the World Bank. Ease of doing Business 107 Starting a Business 93 Dea ling with Construction Permits 60 Employing Workers 98 Registering shoes 110 Getting Credit 127 Protecting Investors 119 Paying Taxes 43 merchandise across Borders 159 Enforcing Contracts 57 Closing a Business 77 Summary of Indicators Ethiopia Starting a Business Procedures (number) 5 metre (days) 9 greet (% of income per capita) 18. 9 Min. capital (% of income per capita) 492. 4 17 Dealing with Construction Permits Procedures (number) 12 sentence (days) 128 Cost (% of income per capita) 561. 3 Employing Workers Difficulty of hiring world power (0-100) 33 Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 20 Difficulty of redundancy index (0-10) 30 Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 28 Redundancy costs (weeks of salary) 40 Registering Property Procedures (number) 10 condemnation (days) 41 Cost (% of property value) 2. 2 Getting Credit force out of legal rights index (0-10) 4Depth of credit information index (0-6) 2 general registry coverage (% of adults) 0. 1 Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0. 0 Protecting Investors Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 4 Extent of music director liability index (0-10) 4 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 5 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4. 3 Paying Taxes Payments (number per year) 19 Time (hours per year) 198 Profit tax (%) 26. 8 Labor tax and contributions (%) 0. 0 otherwise taxes (%) 4. 3 Total tax rate (% profit) 31. 1 Trading Across Borders Documents to export (number) 8Time to export (days) 49 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1940 Documents to import (number) 8 Time to import (days) 45 Cost to import (US$ per container) 2993 Enforcing Contracts Procedures (number) 37 Time (days) 620 Cost (% of claim) 15. 2 Taking into account the above information provided by the World Bank, it will take McDonald Management about 90 days to secure all the necessary permits, licenses, patent protection registrations and lease agreements in Ethiopia. This will all be done prior to our first Kiosk leaving the US. 8 Mile Sto nes First Three months Investors have been identified and secured A US $2,200,000 credit line is opened Dalrymple & Associates secures a brusque term warehouse lease where the prototype Kiosk will be assembled and the process documented. Norit X-Flow, H-Dot Logic and USAgua finalize specifications for the prototype filter/solar modules The USAgua Prototype is completed and Unit 0001 is prepared for shipment to Africa In Month One, McDonald and Exziabiher leave for East Africa to secure business licenses and leases.While in Africa McDonald and Exziabiher identify and recruit a team of mechanics and fabricators as well as a Project Manager. They identify the first five individuals for the USAgua Operators Network. Months 4 and 5 USAgua Kiosk number 0001 is shipped from Seattle to Addis Ababa USAgua Seattle begins producing and shipping filter/power modules to Ethiopia at the rate of 2 units per month. Containers are purchased and retrofitted in our Addis Ababa facility at the rate of 2 units per month.Assembly begins and the first voice communication of a unit is accomplished. Months 6 -12 All elements of our program are organise and we are assembling and placing USAgua Kiosks in client communities at the steady rate of 2 units per month. Project Managers and Operators are continuing the training, quality control and apprenticeship programs. Month 13 W e achieve income/expense financial break open Even Month 24 The first 40 USAgua Kiosks are in place and working. The first USAgua Operator recruits are offered ownership of their Kiosks. 19 Business Plan SummaryW e are confident that a vibrant and lucrative market for safe, clean drinking water exists in every country of the world. We are also confident that we have the right Technology and Business Model to enter and eventually dominate those markets. To prove this, we are going to introduce 40 of our USAgua Kiosks into the Ethiopian market. There we will show that our technology is exactly right that each of our Kiosks can be operated and maintained profitably for years. And, that our Business Model is sound and worthy of the trust our investors have shown.We have developed a set of financial projections. These itemize the key elements of our program and put a dollar figure on their implementation. They show that an initial two year investment of US $2,200,000 will produce an operational income/expense breakeven within a year and actual profit by the end of the 40 Unit 2 Year Pilot Program. Anyone arouse in viewing our Financial Report, please, call Timothy McDonald. He will be more than happy to send along our spreadsheets. Many Thanks, Timothy McDonald 206-257-9839 20